Modern Technology in Daily Life

Can you imagine a world without technology? Well, back then they had no access to any type of electronic. As time went by, electronics has changed over time and influenced others, especially social life. Now technology such as video games and cellular devices has affected us both positively and negatively. Sometimes when you get bored or take a break you start to play your smartphones. You check Instagram, texting your friends, or start to play games. But then you realize you spend more time on your phone than doing what you were suppose to do before. Phones can be a negative and positive influence in your life.A positive effect of cell phones is that they have revolutionized communication and made it easier to contact someone exactly at the moment that we need. Also, phones offer features that have many other benefits. A negative effect on phones is that you get off track and when you try to concentrate again, you cannot focus or even remember what you were doing. In addition, the l ack of communication with your family and friends increases. You tend to talk to them through text instead of talking to each other. Smartphones can be a tool of convenience, but at the same time they can be a distraction.The internet is so popular nowadays that about everyone uses it. It can be accessed by users Now that we have access to internet in almost everywhere, it can be an advantage and a disadvantage. What are they? The internet on society is that it provides the ability to access unlimited information and it also allows you connect and interact with your friends worldwide. Consequently, internet can include the difficulty to remove information when you want to and it can be an absence of communication as well just like using phones. Many people have been downloading music and other copyrighted materials for free.This lead to a negative impact of music industries and several lawsuits. The internet is another factor that influence social life today. Whether good or bad, te levision has been in our lives for a long time. Some think it’s a harm to our society and some think it’s a great invention. Television provides a variety of information that includes the news, advertisements, and events. It can also provide lots of entertainment such as music, comedy, drama, shows, and movies straight to home. It is very convenient and an affordable technology to use. On the other hand, television may have violent action films that increases crime rate and  violent acts in people. Some can be addicted into watching TV and decrease the amount of exercise causing people to be obese. Television is another aspect in our society that affects us greatly.Technology and electronics have been changing a lot through the past several centuries and have a great connection in the society today. Some can be disadvantages and advantages to us. Critical technology such as television, cellular devices and the internet changed through small ideas and change the world . In conclusion, whether if it is good or bad, technology had changed the people and the society worldwide extremely.

Pestel Analysis Essay

1. Explain the following concepts 1. Extended enterprise 2. Terminal delays 3. Reorder level 4. VMI 5. Pipeline inventory 2. Read the case and answer the following questions Mumbai Flour mills provide high-quality bakery flours to commercial bakers as well as to the consumer market. The commercial buyers have consistent demand and brand-loyalty, whereas consumers have minimal brand-loyalty but also generally prefer known names over store brands. Demand is seasonal for the flours with the annual break occurring just before Diwali and slacking off dramatically during January and February. To offset these both, Mumbai Flour Mills and its major supermarket chain-accounts carry out special deals and sales promotions. The Production planning Dept. of the company located at Akola, Maharashtra, has the responsibility for controlling the inventory levels at the plant warehouse at Nagpur as well as three distribution centres located at Nasik in Maharashtra, Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh and Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh. Planning has been routinely based on past experience and history. No formal forecasting is performed. Distribution centres get their requirements by rai l from Nagpur. The lead time of replenishment from Nagpur to distribution centres is 7 days. The replenishment rate is 48 to 54 pallets per wagon depending upon the type of wagon used. In case of any emergency demand, eighteen pallets can be made available by truck with a 3 days transit time. Recently the company has experienced two major stock out for its consumer-size 5 Kg. sacks of refined quality white flour. One of these was due to problems in milling operations, the other occurred when marketing initiated a â€Å"buy one, get one free† coupon promotion. Since these events, the planning has become overly cautious and errs on the side having excess inventories at the distribution centres. Additionally, two other events have affected Distribution Centre’s throughput: (1) implementation of direct factory supply for replenishing the  five largest super market chains, and (2) a price increase making Mumbai Flour more expensive than its national brand competitors such a Pillsbury or TATA Maida. Of 1500 pallets in the Hyderabad Distribution Centre the Mumbai Flour Mills shows only 396 pallets for open orders. This has led the company to use outside overflow storage, where there are another 480 pallets. Flour is easily damaged; hence, Mumbai Flour Mills prefers to minimise handling. Over stocking at Distribution centres alone cost Rs. 1.85/- per pallet for outside storage to which must be added Rs. 4.25 per pallet extra handling and Rs. 225 per truckload for transportation. Similar scenarios are being played out at the other DCs as well. Mr. Mohan, the distribution manager is contemplating various approaches to solving the inventory problem. It is clear that the product must be in place at the time a consumer is making a decision to buy the product, but the company cannot tolerate the overstocking situation and the stress that it is putting on facilities and cash flow. Mr. Mohan’s first thought is â€Å"a better information system† which will provide timely and accurate information throughout the organisation. On the basis of above case answer the following: (1) Evaluate the alternative solution that could be considered by Mr. Mohan. (2) What additional solution do you propose? (3) Examine the transportation system and its drawbacks. Section 2- answer any 3 questions 3a. Explain the difference between 3 PL and 4PL 3b. What should a logistics focused organization do for customer service? 4a. Explain the concept of containerization and explain its significance in transportation 4b. Explain some important factors that decide the location of a warehouse 5a. Explain the significance of ABC analysis of inventory management 5b. Explain the significance of inventory management 6. Short notes on any 2 1. Activity based costing 2. Internal measures of performance management 3. Modern logistical infrastructures

Software Architecture Code for Wrapper Class

Wrapper to connect two applications with different architectures Public con As ADODB. Connection Public rs As ADODB. Recordset Dim str As String Private Sub Command1_Click() Command1. Enabled = False Command2. Enabled = False Command3. Enabled = False Command4. Enabled = True Set con = New ADODB. Connection Set rs = New ADODB. Recordset con. Open â€Å"Provider=SQLOLEDB. 1;Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;Initial Catalog=AIR† str = â€Å"insert into Staff values(† & Text1. Text & â€Å",'† & Text2.Text & â€Å"‘, † & Text3. Text & â€Å",† & Text4. Text & â€Å",'† & Text5. Text & â€Å"‘)† On Error GoTo Delete_Error con. Execute (str) MsgBox † Record added Successfully† Text1. Text = â€Å"† Text2. Text = â€Å"† Text3. Text = â€Å"† Text4. Text = â€Å"† Text5. Text = â€Å"† Text1. SetFocus Exit Sub Delete_Error: MsgBox â€Å"This record cannot be Added . Error code = † _ & Err. Number & vbCrLf & Err. Description, _ vbCritical, â€Å"Cannot Update Database† End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Command1. Enabled = False Command4. Enabled = False Command6.Enabled = False If (Adodc1. Recordset. BOF) Then Adodc1. Recordset. MoveLast Else Adodc1. Recordset. MovePrevious End If End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() Command1. Enabled = False Command4. Enabled = False Command6. Enabled = False If (Adodc1. Recordset. EOF) Then Adodc1. Recordset. MoveFirst Else Adodc1. Recordset. MoveNext End If End Sub Private Sub Command4_Click() Command4. Enabled = False Command1. Enabled = True Command2. Enabled = False Command3. Enabled = False Command7. Enabled = False Text1. Text = â€Å"†Text2. Text = â€Å"† Text3. Text = â€Å"† Text4. Text = â€Å"† Text5. Text = â€Å"† Text1. SetFocus End Sub Private Sub Command5_Click() Unload Me Form2. Show End Sub Private Sub Command6_Click() Text1. Text =  "† Text2. Text = â€Å"† Text3. Text = â€Å"† Text4. Text = â€Å"† Text5. Text = â€Å"† Text1. SetFocus End Sub SQL COMMANDS: create database AIR create table Staff(Staff_id int PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,Staff_name varchar(20), Staff_age int, Salary int, Staff_address varchar(30)) ::Database AIR created successfully ::Table Staff creates successfully

The Seminar Log Comprises Three Sections Coursework

The Seminar Log Comprises Three Sections - Coursework Example Public diplomacy aimed at the United States part of the United States soviet trading’s, as well as giving compelling grievances and remarks concerning the soviet policy (Critchlow, 2004, p. 75). This diplomacy drew on newly restricted materials from the former soviet records. The transactions, data programs, and additional operations undertaken by the United States information and agency and the department of state played a vital part in increasing self-governing philosophies and principles within the soviet alliance. Candid and balanced were far more productive than the uncoordinated advertising that was utilized originally. The documentation of public diplomacy in the course of the cold war gives a number of significant lessons for the United States foreign legislators in the period following the cold war (Critchlow, 2004, p. 75). America’s informational crusades were active in escalating the fall of the Soviet Union and the scattering of the communist universe. Prote cted in a heroic philosophical strive for more than forty years, corporations like Radio Free Europe/Radio Lib ­erty (RFE/RL), the voice of America (VOA), and the United States Information Agency (USIA) interconnected the principles of democracy, personal liberties, and the liberated market. Eventually the advertisement of these principles added mainly to the closely cruel disbanding of the soviet empire (Critchlow, 2004, p. 75). Week 5 seminar question: PCD (public diplomacy) in the contemporary world order The committee assigned by the United States to investigate the incidence gave a 3D approach for fighting international terrorism that apparently included factors of public democracy (Critchlow, 2004, p. 78). It claimed the need for communication and defense of American standards in the Islam community, all the way through much resilient public democracy to arrive at more individuals. The efforts of the committee at this point ought to be as robust as they were in fighting clos ed communities in the course of the cold war. All this is extreme, and the advertisement of American values following the significantly detested choice to invade Iraq in 2003 is debatably an unbelievably hard determination, and a highly duplicitous one at that. One approach in which an individual can argue that the United States has made developmental advancement in its public democracy is the election and actions of its present president, (Barack Obama). He made the choice of pulling battle groups out of Iraq, redeploying Taliban in Afghanistan and making multiple speeches indicating his aspiration on arriving at and authorizing the Muslim community (Critchlow, 2004, p. 79). Whether the United States has advanced suitable public diplomacy, approaches made to handle the risk from the terrorists groups are available. Nevertheless, I would argue incidences as 9/11, the London bombings of July 7th 2005, and the following perspectives and Iraq apparently depict the requirement for effec tual community diplomacy on the part of the United States and its supporters (Critchlow, 2004, p. 78). Week 6 seminar question: Nation branding: opportunities and limitations There exist a number of outstanding overall geographic arrangements in the performance of nationwide brands utilizing a vast longitudinal scanner databank that extents numerous consumer-packed commodities criteria and United States marketplaces (Dinnie, 2007, p. 127). Across marketplaces, they

Selection Decision Making Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Selection Decision Making - Case Study Example A selection plan gives an overview of how the job looks like thus making it easy for the recruitment panel to pick the most desirable applicant. It contains key job responsibilities, makes it clear of what must be performed and acts as a guide in selection procedures. The format is as given below. The table above illustrates scores of all the ten applicants. The analysis was based on multiple predictor methods; clinical prediction and rational weighing. However, since clinical prediction and unit weighing produce similar results, it was considered wise to include the unit weighing column. The unit weighing figures were derived from averaging each applicant’s scores in individual assessment methods. Basing on the unit weighing results, tangle wood will consider the highest scores. Therefore, Heckman; 76, Reznor; 73 and Scores; 70 will be the most preferred applicants. The rational weighing results were obtained by assigning a weight to every assessment method and summing up the scores. The assigned weights were biodata; 30%, Applicant exam; 10%, Retail knowledge; 30%, Conscientiousness; 15%, Extraversion; 15%. Biodata and retail knowledge were allocated the largest weights because the job position demands experience from applicants. Applicant exam was assigned the lowest weight mainly because it measures the least important KSAOs required in the managerial position. From the data, Tangle wood will consider Heckman; 76, Reznor; 69, Renoir; 67.5. If tangle wood decides to use multiple hurdle selection as its first stage in identifying the best five applicants, and further apply interviews and resumes to get the top three finalists, the five suitable candidates would be Reznor, Yorn, Greer, Renior and Durvall. This is quite interesting since Heckman who tops in both rational and unit weighing does not appear in the top five when using test scores. Since conscientiousness and extraversion prove the ability and suitability of an applicant to perform and

Reflection Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Reflection Paper - Assignment Example Finally, the instructor was accommodative and ready to explain points that were challenging, and hence, the course was both educative and entertaining. There are several lessons I learned about myself. I learnt the need to set achievable goals and mark major milestones in my life. It is essential to set achievable goals, achieve the goal, and strive to achieve the next goal. I set up the goals because it is easy to succeed when one knows where they are from and where they are heading. I have learned that I am self-conscious health wise and focus on living a healthy life. In addition, I am considerably responsible at a personal level and make service an essential part of everyday life. Responsibility is essential because it enhances positive relationships with others at both a personal and a professional level. Through this, I gained new ideas and modified some of my existing concepts on leadership. I have learned that I am a credible person. There are some basic things I have learnt about leadership that have helped me hone my leadership skills. It is necessary to maintain credibility with people. Credibility ensures that followers believe in a person and believe what they say. Without credibility, it is difficult to attract honesty from other people. Although it is often a challenge to keep promises and maintain credibility, credibility is one of the qualities that confirm great leadership. At a personal level, it makes one a better person, while on a professional level, it enhance trustworthiness and improves interpersonal relationships in a work place. I plan to use the information I have gained in this course in my life. I intend to enhance my quality of life and further sharpen my skills on leadership through practical training. I will do this through working on my talents in various fields, and enhancing an identity that enables me to discover other talents. This personal development is also useful at the professional level because it can enable me

Women in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Women in America - Essay Example However, the concept of ‘womanhood’ handed down through the ages, prevented them even from understanding that their own frustration, as women had been schooled to think that catering to the needs of the male-ruled world alone was their duty, and that alone can lead to fulfillment; â€Å"As a housewife and mother, she was respected as a full and equal partner to man in his world† observes Friedan (p. 1). Friedan goes on to describe the mental torture and torment that women had to undergo because of this conflict in their real emotions as against what they have been schooled to think.However, the concept of ‘womanhood’ handed down through the ages, prevented them even from understanding that their own frustration, as women had been schooled to think that catering to the needs of the male-ruled world alone was their duty, and that alone can lead to fulfillment; â€Å"As a housewife and mother, she was respected as a full and equal partner to man in his world† observes Friedan (p. 1). Friedan goes on to describe the mental torture and torment that women had to undergo because of this conflict in their real emotions as against what they have been schooled to think.  The important thing in Friedan’s work is that, while implies that women could find better fulfillment, if only they would go beyond the domestic frontiers and the roles imposed on them by the traditionally male-dominated society. Friedan seeks to emancipate womanhood from the ‘gendered’ roles imposed on her sex through work and occupation outside the domestic arena.   While Goldman’s perception of gender relations appears to be stronger and more vociferous. Goldman goes further in the analysis of   ‘feminine mystique’ discussed by Friedan and notes that   â€Å"a short period of married life, of complete surrender of all faculties, absolutely incapacitates the average woman for the outside world. She becomes reckless in appearance, clumsy in her movements, dependent in her decisions, cowardly in her judgment, a weight and a bore, which most men grow to hate and despise†. However, Goldman scorns marriage itself, as it is defeating in all ways.... 1). Friedan goes on to describe the mental torture and torment that women had to undergo because of this conflict in their real emotions as against what they have been schooled to think. The important thing in Friedan's work is that, while implies that women could find better fulfillment, if only they would go beyond the domestic frontiers and the roles imposed on them by the traditionally male-dominated society. Friedan seeks to emancipate womanhood from the 'gendered' roles imposed on her sex through work and occupation outside the domestic arena. While Goldman's perception of gender relations appears to be stronger and more vociferous. Goldman goes further in the analysis of 'feminine mystique' discussed by Friedan, and notes that "a short period of married life, of complete surrender of all faculties, absolutely incapacitates the average woman for the outside world. She becomes reckless in appearance, clumsy in her movements, dependent in her decisions, cowardly in her judgment, a weight and a bore, which most men grow to hate and despise" (Marriage and Love 3-4). However, Goldman scorns marriage itself, as it is defeating in all ways; she says "The institution of marriage makes a parasite of woman, an absolute dependent." (M&L 1) She partially holds women responsible for their subjugation and hampering their own emancipation, "The woman considers her position as worker transitory, to be thrown aside for the first bidder" (Goldman 3). Furthermore, Goldman criticizes the other institutions like religious bodies and the state for burdening women in various ways form which they seek emancipation, "because woman recognizes the awful toll she is made to pay to the Church,

Auditing Theory And Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Auditing Theory And Practice - Essay Example Maybe owing to your big size, the previous audit company needed additional resources in terms of man and woman power and facilities to meet your needs. When the previous audit company held a meeting with the directors in which their responsibilities and the responsibilities of Krypton were discussed in details. The Audit Company and krypton agreed to the terms of the audit engagement. The terms of engagement which they agreed upon were documented in a form of a letter of engagement. They then discussed and agreed on the basis on which the audit fee was to be computed and any billing arrangements. We then do not understand why this is still a problem yet to be solved The last audited accounts were those for the period ended 31st December 2003. As we conduct this audit, making comparatives to the year 2004, it will make good sense if we first conduct an audit for the year 2004. To determine the implications of the figures, analytical procedures are usually performed on the financial in formation. Analytical procedures consist of mainly trend and ratio analysis with information being inferred from the resulting figures. From the financial statements of the company, the following was established. Ordinarily, a 10.16% increase in the cost of sales should lead to a corresponding decrease in stocks. Yet in this case, stocks have increased by 58.20%. The stock turnover ratio has also declined from 15.60 in 2004 to 10.86 in 2005. The stocks were expected to decrease and their increase might imply that employees could be selling their own goods brought from outside. The audit shall then focus on the existence of the stocks and their condition. In order to ascertain the genuineness of the stock figure, a revaluation test of the stocks will have to be performed to see whether their increase was as a result of a revaluation.

Identity Construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Identity Construction - Essay Example The body an example of an essential part of humanity that contributes to the development of the relative preferences in people a feature that studies establish validate the claim that it is increasingly becoming a channel for identity constriction. The discussion below relates the claim to a number of theories of personality to determine the role of the body in influencing consumption of products and services in the market (Aaker & Aaker, 2010). Chris Shilling for example in his theory asserts views the body as a project through which he explains the different diversities in people. It is natural that people are different; some of the difference are natural such as gender while others are artificial and people can therefore always manipulate such to fit different scenarios. Chris therefore seeks to investigate the role of these differences in people and the manner in which they affect the consumption of different products and services thereby making different group of people markets to different products and services. Through computation, individuals are markets to different products and services; this implies that any aspect of their life that affects their consumption of the good and services is of essence in tailoring the marketing strategies that the producers of such products and services employ. ... The nature of marketing dictates an effective understanding of the market group a feature that validates the extensive analysis of the consumers. Any factor that affect the creation of taste and preference therefore influences the marketing strategies of an organization in order to maintain the supply to the demand, which consequently refers to the profitability of an operation. In analyzing the body a project, Chris begins by analyzing the natural difference in humanity. Nature has an effective means of categorizing things, in humans one such means is the gender. Females taxonomical features most of which are conspicuously different from their male counterparts. The same is applicable to the male gender, from such a basic view of individuals; it becomes natural that the two therefore form markets to different products and service. A number of products and services that befit one of the genders while others are applicable to both. It is therefore a mandate of entrepreneurs to determi ne the difference and similarities between the two thereby developing enterprises that serve the diversities that the two present. The differences that arise from gender make the two potential markets to an assortment of products and services since the aspect influences preference. Women for example use sanitary pads; a feature that comes naturally. The victims of such monthly flows cannot influence their taxonomy. In the event of coping with the periodical flow and managing them more effectively, women become potential markets to the manufacturers of pads among other sanitary towels, a fundamental of a product that the female gender use that their male counterparts do not. Additionally, the clothes that the two

TV shows and commercials' problems and effect to children Lab Report

TV shows and commercials' problems and effect to children - Lab Report Example This "TV shows and commercials' problems and effect to children" essay outlines ten different TV shows, analyzes their impact on kids and values they teach to them. SpongeBob SquarePants: this is one of the American television shows that are popular in the modern television series. It is largely watched amongst the children population. It is also interesting to adults due to its enthusiastic plot. It presents some unique set up in regard to life far from the terrestrial environment. The fact that it is presented in form of cartoons makes it entertaining for the children. However, there are various gaffes associated with the language used, situations as well as the language that is used in the presentations. There are particular innuendos that tend to be above the understanding of the young viewers. In the presentations, the advertisements are usually targeted at the children, such as t-shirts, boxer-shorts and other commodities that are suitable for children such as delicious foods. The show is valuable to the children since it promotes courageousness and the desire to explore life under the water. Sesame Street: this is a TV show that significantly impacts on the lives of children in regard to their learning capability. Its entertainment aspect makes it attractive to children, which has made its theme a success amongst them. The puppets and animations are stimulating, coupled with talented actors who make the show very interesting. The aspect of familiarizing with letters and words is usually helpful in regard to improvement of learning.

Gang Violence and Juvenile Delinquency Research Paper

Gang Violence and Juvenile Delinquency - Research Paper Example According to the Finley (2007), cultural and social landscape has varied significantly since the establishment of the juvenile system in the early 1990s. In essence, gangs, drugs and easy accessibility to deadly weapons have contributed majorly to the increasing number of juvenile crimes including murder which currently has reached an alarming rate. They further claim that juvenile court system has insufficient resources to handle amicably the problems brought by amoral teenagers and children in the society. Rosenheim (2002) explains that the perceived clemency associated with the juvenile justice system as prescribed by the juvenile laws insinuate that it is not within the context of law for the juvenile court judge to warrant any form of punishment for the young criminal but to issue rehabilitation assistance to the juvenile. This has highly contributed to the juvenile system lack of capacity of correcting the amoral behavior fostered by the young but violent children. The system b ased on the current situation juvenile law stimulates a rotating-door course that leads the message that juvenile criminals are not held responsible for their wrong doings and not until these offenders are subjected to adults criminal courts that when they experience punishment for the first time in their lives. Based on my analysis, the law should be revised to allow for the punishing of the juveniles criminals in the first instance as this would prevent future amoral activities when the juvenile offender shall have grown into adult. In addition, accordance with the juvenile law, it is prohibited to release the juvenile criminal perpetrators from the authority of the juvenile court at an age above eighteen years. Serving less years in juvenile jail for an offense which would have earned an adult ten or more years sentence is unjust. For effective operation and success of this system, punishment for the misconduct should be the same irrespective of the age of the offender (Whitehead and Steven, 2006). Owing to these inadequacies and problems associated with juvenile laws, many critics have proposed for its complete overhaul or amendment of some of its laws, failure of which the crime rate among the young perpetrators would continue to escalate in the society. According to Scott and Steinberg (2008) some of these mitigation measures are juveniles should have complete DUEPROCESS rights such as right to trial by jury in the same way adult criminals are tried, freedom from the rehabilitation ideology associated with the juvenile system, allowing the juvenile to be tried to court once the young perpetrators are convicted and letting the juveniles to be accountable for their amoral actions. Theories of Delinquency Causation According to Banduras social theory, people acquire knowledge via observing others’ attitudes, behavior and results of those behaviors. Based on this theory, majority of human conduct is learned through observation and modeling. This infer s that through observing how others conduct themselves, one comes up with the idea of how newly acquired behaviors are carried out and eventually this explicit information works as a blueprint

Marketing Mix Analysis of iPad Essay Example for Free

Marketing Mix Analysis of iPad Essay Executive Summary Managing and developing marketing mix appropriately is extremely important to firms marketing and success. In order to marketing product successfully, the right product must be exhibited to right people at the right place, right price and right time. If a firm can manage the marketing mix successfully, as a result, it can be a source of competitive advantage for firms. Each element of the marketing mix should be analyzed and if necessary, adapted to ensure that the right balance is achieved to give the product or service the very best chance of success in the market place. Apple is a successful company and its previous product iPod has a high market share in the global market due to its brand perception and image as s high quality innovative brand. In 2010, Apple launched an innovative product – â€Å"iPad† in US, which is a tablet computer with touch screen. Even in the first launching date iPad had been sold 0.3 million units. The product no doubt is getting support of Apple’s brand image and it has changed the way to consumer lifestyle. That is why iPad is thought as a revolutionary who will arouse a wave to electronic industry. Apple’s iPad delivered the value to the customer via marketing mix tools called the 4Ps: * Product looks good and works well. * Right price. * Right place at the right time. * Successful promotion helps to a larger output. Apple followed this by innovation and introducing new products in the market to satisfy consumer’s needs and wants. The current author here will use the theories, concepts of marketing mix to analysis the iPad. The remainder of this essay is structured into five parts. It begins by defining marketing mix and its evolution. Second, it analyse the company, iPad, its competitor and consumer. Third, it illuminates the marketing mix by analysing iPad. Finally it ends with the overall assessment and conclusion. Contents 1.Introduction and Definition3 1.1Definition of Marketing3 1.2Definition of Customer Value and Value Proposition3 1.3Definition of Marketing Mix4 2.Description of Apple iPad4 2.1Brief Introduction of Apple4 2.2Introduction of iPad5 2.3Brief Consumer Profile6 2.4Brief Competitor Profile7 3.Marketing Mix Analysis of iPad7 3.1Product7 3.2Price10 3.3Place12 3.4Promotion14 4.Assessment of Overall Value Delivered16 5.Conclusion16 6.References18 1. Introduction and Definition 2.1 Definition of Marketing â€Å"Marketing is the process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others and forging relationships with customers.† (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2009). This definition recognizes the importance of creating a long term relationship with customers and identifies the importance of satisfying customer wants. 2.2 Definition of Customer Value and Value Proposition Customer value is the difference between the values that the customer gains from owning and using a product and the costs of obtaining the product. Put it simply, customer value is created when the perceptions of benefits received from a transaction exceed the costs of ownership. The same idea can be expressed as a ratio (Chiristopher, 1996): Customer value = Perceptions of benefits The definition of customer value proposition is a well defined and persuasive marketing statement related to a specific product or service that details the reasons why a consumer would benefit from purchasing it. A value proposition is the definition of a firms promise to create and deliver customer value (Chapelet and Tovstiga, 1998). Fig 1.2.1 A model of value creation and the marketing process source: Adapted from Kotler Brown Burton Deans Armstrong, (2010), â€Å"Marketing† 8th Edition Figure 1.2.1 shows a typical model of value creation and the marketing process. Put it simple, marketing is a process cycle which consists of 5 simple steps as below: i. Customer buys or potential customer is contacted to understand the marketplace. ii. Finding out how the customer liked the product or what is needed. iii. Analysing these data and creating a plan that includes goals, strategy and its marketing mix. iv. Implement the plan that delivers value to customer which results in the customer’s buying the product and creating customer delight. v. Repeating the cycle starting with step (i) to step (iv) to make a better product sold with a better plan and continuously keeping this cycle going. Hence, create profits and customer equity. 2.3 Definition of Marketing Mix The concept of the Marketing Mix was first created by Neil H. Borden in his article called â€Å"The concept of the Marketing Mix† in 1964. In his article he explained the importance of a market to try to â€Å"mix ingredients† in their process in the market in order to be successful. E. Jerome McCarthy later grouped these ingredients into the four categories that are known as the 4Ps of marketing (Product, Price, Place and Promotion). Product What does the customer want from the product/service? Price What is the value of the product or service to the buyer? Place Where do buyers look for the product or service? Promotion Where and when can get across the marketing messages to target market? 2. Description of Apple iPad 3.4 Brief Introduction of Apple Apple Inc., founded in 1976, is an American multinational corporation which is best-known for its hardware and software products. The hardware products are: Macintosh, iPod, iPhone and iPad. One example of the famous software of Apple is iTunes, a proprietary media player application that works with iTunes store and allows customers to download music and offers other features of consumer electronics. Fortune magazine named Apple as the most admired company in the US in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2012. 3.5 Introduction of iPad On January 27, 2010, Apple introduced the much-anticipated media tablet, the iPad (As shown in Fig2.2.1). Fig 2.2.1 Introduction of iPad (source: www.apple.com) The iPad measure 9.7 inch wide screen display with multi touch screen with 1024 x 768 resolutions which is lighter and thinner than any other notebooks or laptops. Its internal 25 watt-hour battery can run up to 10 hours of video, 140 hours of audio playback and one month on standby as Apple claims. Steve Jobs stated that, with the introduction of the iPad, Apple had opened a market for a new class of mobile devices. (As shown in Fig 2.2.2) Fig2.2.2 Apple iPad First Hands-on (source: http://www.ipadforums.net) 3.6 Brief Consumer Profile Consumer market can be defined as â€Å"all the individuals and households who buy or acquire goods and services for personal consumption† and consumer buying behavior can be defined as â€Å"the buying behavior of final consumers, individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal consumption† (Kotler, 2009). Table 2.3.1 shows the analysis of market segmentation for iPad. SEGMENTATION BASE| SELECTEDSEGMENTATION VARIABLES| Geographic Segmentation| Region| West Malaysia, east Malaysia| City size| Major metropolitan areas, cities| Density of area| Urban| Climate| Hot, humid, rainy| Demographic Segmentation| Age| 18-34, 35-49, 50-64| Sex| Male, female| Married status| Single, married, divorced, living together| Income| RM40,000 and over| Education| College, college graduate, postgraduate| Occupation| Professional, white-collar| Psychological| Needs| Sense of self-worth, fashionable| Personality| Extroverts, novelty-seeker, aggressives| Perception| Low-risk| Learning-involvement| High-involvement| Attitudes| Possitive attitude| Psychographic| Lifestyle| Couch-potatoes, outdoor enthusiasts, status-seekers| Cultures| Malay, Chinese, Indian, and other foreigners| Religion| Muslim, buddhism, hinduism, christian, catholic, and others| Social| Middle, upper| Family| Bachelors, young married, full nesters, empty nesters| Use-Rated Segmentation| Usage rate| Heavy users, medium users| Awareness status| Aware, interested, enthusiastic| Brand loyalty| Strong| Use-Situation Segmentation| Time| Leisure, work, morning, night| Objective| Personal, fun, achievement| Location| Home, work, mega mall, restaurant| Person| Self, family members, friends, peers| Benefit Segmentation| Convenience, social acceptance, easy e-book reading, value-for-the-money, service| Table 2.3.1 Market segmentation for iPad From analysis above can see that most of Apple’s users are high-end clients who have the strong purchasing power, easily accept new technology and they are very loyal to Apple. 3.7 Brief Competitor Profile Apple iPad bring threats and impact to PC industry in some way. On one hand, the hot-sell of iPad attracts many PC manufacturers set foot in this field. So the other tablet computers will be the biggest competitor, such as Blackberry’s playbook, this is a tablet computer which located in business person, and it will also attract public’s eyes because of its vast multimedia function. On the other hand, the price advantage of netbook is also a challenge to iPad. After all compared with traditional computer, iPad may not a necessity. To some business and professional people, they will choose the traditional notebook rather than iPad. 3. Marketing Mix Analysis of iPad According to the information that searches from magazines and internet, the author knows many information of iPad. The author here will use the theories, concepts of marketing mix to analysis the iPad. 4.8 Product â€Å"Product means the goods-and-services combination the company offers to the target market. â€Å" (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2009). The iPad bridges the gap between smart phone and laptop, it offers equivalent range of features and functions that a computer does. It has internet capabilities running on both Wi-Fi and 3G. Some of the features are discussed previously. Fig 3.1.1 shows its tech specs. Access to Apple Apps Store which has over 300,000 applications and to iTunes are attractive features of iPad. Fig 3.1.1 Tech Specs for Apple iPad (source: http://www.apple.com) Value delivered to customer: 1) Convenient to Carry and Easy to Use Compared to functionalities and performance, it is surprised that iPad weighs only 1.5 pounds. It is very thin and sleek measuring only 0.5 inches. This lightweight iPad is very useful for business trip, making it easy to transport as compared to a laptop. Not only it is easier to carry it around, but also be able to use it to check e-mails, show videos and photos to people instantly whenever required with its long battery life, which at 10 hours is 2-5 times longer than a notebook (As shown in Fig 3.1.2). Fig 3.1.2 E-mail and photo function for iPad (source: http://www.cnbeta.com) 2) Easy for E-Book Reading One benefit that can’t miss is the iBooks Application. Customer can download the favorite e-books to iPad and read while traveling (As shown in Fig 3.1.3). Fig 3.1.3 E-books on Apple iPad (source: http://www.telegraph.co.uk) Retrieving books to read on ibooks application on iPad is simply easy. Browse through the e-bookshelf on the iPad, choose one title wish to read and click, the book opens in front. Customer can view the book in portrait or landscape, and the way the pages flip is awesome flip it with finger and looks just like a real book. 3) Excellent Service for Customer What’s more, the service of iPad is very nice. Apple has its own key service iTunes. Customer can get this value to enjoy the all kinds of internet resources such as music, video and applications (As shown in Fig 3.1.4). Fig 3.1.4 iTunes on Apple iPad (source: http://www.ipadforums.net guardian.co.uk guardia guardia) The iTunes online store makes it incredibly easy to purchase songs and load them onto the devices. When customer wants to watch or listen, they neither need to search from the CDs nor television channels. What they need to do is just opening the iTunes, all they want is in iTunes, it let the media browse much faster, it is easier to sort. 4.9 Price â€Å"Price is the amount of money customers have to pay to obtain the product. â€Å" (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2009). The iPad is priced starting from $499 for 16 GB storage to $829 for 64GB storage and 3G connectivity. In detail, tab 3.2.1 shows the price of iPad selling in Malaysia. iPad| 16G| 32G| 64G| Wi-Fi| RM 1, 549.00| RM 1, 849.00| RM 2, 149.00| Wi-Fi + 3G| RM 1, 999.00| RM 2, 299.00| RM 2, 599.00| Tab 3.2.1 Selling price of iPad (source: http://www.apple.com guardian.co.uk guardia guardia) Value delivered to customer: 1) Eco-friendly Device for Environment Protection The iPad is made of recyclable glass and Aluminum and the packaging material is recyclable the packing is efficiently done. It is not using Arsenic, PVC, bromine fire, Mercury as the company has restricted the use of harmful chemicals. With such price, customers are not buying the fashionable device only, more importantly, they are making contribution to environment protection. Fig 3.2.1 shows how green is the iPad. Fig3.2.1 How green is the iPad (source: http://sortable.com) 2) Flexible Price as Actual Needs The iPad price varies according to its storage capacity and the internet access capacity, which leads to reducing the initial cost on the first ever tablets based on customer’s actually needs and application (As shown in Fig3.2.2). Fig3.2.2 Price and configuration of the iPad (source: http://www.apple.com) 3) Cost Saving with Maxis Bundled Package It is available on Maxis bundled packages with a 24-month contract based on different types of iPad internet plan (As shown in Fig 3.2.3). By doing so, the price of iPad has been dropped down from RM450 to RM950. The plan is much more attractive not only for those who can’t afford to pay for the high price, but also for some of the SME to extend their business. Fig 3.2.3 Maxis iPad Bundled Packages (source: http://www.maxis.com.my) 4.10 Place â€Å"Place includes company activities that make the product available to target consumers. â€Å" (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2009). Apple started selling the iPad not only from its official websites, but also retail outlets and Apple Store. Value delivered to customer 1) Easy Walk-in Location for Purchase The iPad can be purchased from Apple Store, Apple Premium Reseller and Apple Authorized Reseller located in Malaysia. All shops are conveniently located and beautifully designed, identified by the large backlit Apple logo, such as in most famous shopping mall like Sunway Primary, One Utama, KLCC and Mid Valley in Selangor, even in Melaka, Penang, Sabah and Sarawak. The value is so easy for customer to come and have a journey on iPad (As shown in Fig 3.3.1). Fig 3.3.1 Apple shops in Malaysia In each shop, customer will be able to find dedicated Apple-trained and Apple-certified Mac experts who can come up with the right solution for you. 2) Time-Saving Online Order Apple iPad are also available on internet for the customers on Apple’s website. Online purchase is the easiest and time saving way for most of them (As shown in Fig 3.3.2). Fig3.3.2 Online Apple store for iPad (source: http://www.apple.com) On the website, the Apple explains the number of features and benefits of iPad. This adds the value to the consumers as convenience is a value that people appreciate and for which they will pay more than the actual price. 3) Golden Service for Apple Loyalty When customer are on the go, the Apple Store app is the best way to research, personalize and buy products from Apple and get the most out of customer’s visits to the Apple Retail Store for Apple loyal fans. Fig 3.3.3 shows what can do with the Apple Store app on the iPhone or iPod touch from search to pay. Fig3.3.3 Apple store apps for iPhone and iPod Touch (source: http://www.apple.com) 4.11 Promotion â€Å"Promotion means activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade target customers to buy it. â€Å" (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2009) Apple Company had been promoting the iPad with the help of social media campaigns and multi-channel media strategy. Value delivered to customer: 1) Multiple Channel for Better Understanding of iPad The online promotion by Apple on Facebook, YouTube and other related websites approaches to the consumers added more value to the decision of consumers of buying iPad. Same like in stores all the information is available online for customers. Customers can download brochure from its website for their convenience. When Apple announced the idea of iPad, most fans write blogs and share through internet. Customer will see them and many videos about iPad, some of them are made by Apple and some are made by other people. These blogs and videos are shared by many other people through many ways (As shown in Fig 3.4.1). Fig3.4.1 Video sharing about iPad (source: http://www.9to5iPad.com/) 2) Custom Engraving of iPad Apple had offered free iPad engraving from its online store, allowing customers to add a personal touch to the tablet in time for the holiday seasons (As shown in Fig 3.4.2). Customers are given the option to engrave up to 2 lines of free text on the back of an iPad after selecting an iPad model and any desired accessories from the online store. Fig 3.4.2 Website about iPad engraving (Source: http://store.apple.com/) 3) Free Delivery for On-line Purchase When purchasing the iPad online from Apple’s official website, customer will get the value of free delivery. Just wait for 3-4 business days, the product will be arrived on hand safely. 4. Assessment of Overall Value Delivered Apple has always placed a major emphasis on the marketing and the brand awareness of its products. The iPad’s advantage is that they offer several different features in one product. Converging all the new technology into one product is the route apple is seeking. It’s making life easier for their consumers by being able to conduct many applications in the one product. Apple’s iPad followed all the 4P’s of marketing mix to deliver the high level of value to the customers. The company has manufactured an iPad using strong in-built applications. The gadget permits people to work and entertain anytime anywhere, as a value of experiencing its easy and convenient use. It provides value to customers through a huge number of features which helps in saving time and energy. Adding more to customer value the price of iPad is competitive and flexible in the market as discussed above. It advertised on T.V., newspapers, magazine, radios and also on internet, which makes people have clearer understanding in various channel. It provides value by available at all the apple stores and website. From the iPad’s 4P’s analysis, we can easily see the difference of it, and can answer the question â€Å"why people buy it which seems unnecessary product.† Apple iPad satisfy their needs and this delivers the value as a product and service in terms of features, style performance, durability, quality, reliability and design to the customer. 5. Conclusion Apple iPad is a new product which has made a dent in the history of tablet business domain and the first successful product. This has also ignited the demand for new and improved tablets from Apple and other competitors. Apple has used the 4P’s of marketing in a very efficient and proper manner, so that added the value to the customer’s decisions of purchasing iPad. When Apple introduced iPad, they intended to come across the consumer’s wants and demands which would satisfy to their lifestyles. Apple in future which demands more innovative products and the company still need to adapt to expected changes in iPad which they have already started in their new iPad 2. With their experience, they are able to continue strengthen its position in the industry. 6. References 1. Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong. (2009). Principles of Marketing. (7th Edition). Australia. Pearson. 2. Kotler Brown Burton Deans Armstrong. (2010). Marketing (8th Edition). Australia. Pearson. 3. Borden, N. H. (1964). â€Å"The concept of the Marketing Mix†. Journal of Advertising Research. Vol II 4. APDGT YAMAMOTO. â€Å"Understanding Customer Value Concept: Key To Success†. pp. 547-552. 5. Chapelet, B. and Tovstiga, G. (1998), â€Å"Development of a research methodology for accessing a firm’s business process-related technologies†, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 15 Nos  ½, pp. 10-30. 6. Apple Annual Reports, 2010 7. www.apple.com 8. www.maxis.com.my

Neurobiological Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on At-Risk

Neurobiological Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on At-Risk Neurobiological Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on At-Risk Populations Throughout adolescence, the brain is not fully formed. The growth occurs in Executive Functioning. Executive functioning is your ability to plan, organize, and to defer instant gratification. Its like the air traffic control center of the brain (Executive Function Self-Regulation, 2015, p. 1. It helps to regulate certain brain tasks to guard against impulsive decisions. It helps to see the big picture so you can form different hypotheses. With executive functioning, everythings not black and white. In adolescents, this form of brain functioning is not fully formed during that stage. The executive functions of the brain are not fully formed and complete until about the age of 25 (Understanding the Teen Brain , n.d., p. 1. Kids can think logically so by the time theyre fifteen and sixteen they really do know how to think logically but they dont make logical decisions. This is because of the lack of formation within the executive function of the brain. If a teen is injured during this stage of their developmental years, it could possibly be devastating for them. This is because it would change the way they view their world and their place in it. This could have serious implications for a teenager. Even a mild brain injury or MBI. A post-concussion may take 2 years for a teenager to recover. But, a more moderate or severe injury my not be fully realized. This may be true for a teen. A teenager who has experienced a brain injury not have had previous physical disabilities but they know that something has changed, something is different about them. The adolescent stage brings its own set of challenges. Even a teen with no previous physical or mental health history has to grapple with an adjustment period. During this adolescent stage of development, the teen is trying to find out who they are, where they fit in and how to cope with peer pressures. A teenagers goal at this stage of their adolescent years is to find out who they are. Its hard to imagine at the age of 16 or 17 how a brain injury can change your life drastically. As a teen, they have begun to find their place in school, their place with friends and family . They may bet thinking about college or a career, what they want to do with their life and an injury of this magnitude completely changes them, forever. The injury changes the way they think, the way they react, the way they normally would look at a situation. Although they may not understand fully, they know that something is different but may find it difficult to admit because their goal is to fit in. They may be desperately trying to find out who they are and struggle with their new reality, one dont fully comprehend. Some way, something has changed you. They may get to a point where they dont even know who they are anymore.. Friends are acting differently towards them (be it real or imagined), parents react differently to them. Tasks that once completed almost effortlessly with no problem or much though given to it, becomes a struggle. Concepts and mechanics of ADLs become arduous. Things that they could control before, now they cant. Frustration sets in and the teen starts to act out in ways they never would have. Situations they and tasks once mastered, becomes a chore. Their study habits have changed. They may not have had to study hard and tests may have been a breeze for them previously. But not now. Words dont seem to make sense any more. The star athlete has hand- eye coordination problems as well as following complex schemes from playbooks. Moderate Brain Injuries and Traumatic Brain Injuries are devastating for adolescents up to the age of 25 at this stage of their development. Functions of the Lobes of the Brain The frontal lobe the parietal lobe the temporal lobe occipital and the cerebellum associated with the frontal lobe or various control they control certain of our behaviors and when is injured that a certain consequences changes that are seen when there is an injury to frontal lobe include problems with sequencing, difficulty making decisions or perseveration. Someone can experience decisions people experienced decreased attention, changed personality, problem-solving difficulties, a decrease in their ability to verbally express oneself. A lack of spontaneity and uncontrollable emotions, social and sexual behaviors decreased initiation of voluntary movements. The changes that we see when temporal lobe is injured is that people a problem understanding the spoken word. They have problems with selective attention. There can also be sexuality changes. sexuality changes. A person with a temporal lobe injury may be found to persistently talk. With a temporal lobe injury, there is an increas e in aggressive behavior. They have problems recognizing faces, identifying objects and categorizing them. The parietal lobe is an area of the brain that where there is a higher level of functioning. Injury to the parietal lobe can cause difficulty naming objects. There can be problems processing their tactile sensations (the sense of touch) and problems processing and understanding what their fingers are telling them. A persons academic skill set declines as a result of an injury to this part of the brain. Things that they were easily able to do in the workplace or in the academic setting from a cognitive standpoint are now diminished or gone. Theres also confusion between the left and the right, a loss of hand eye coordination and a decrease orientation of where the body is from a spatial standpoint. Damages to the occipital lobe is where issues of vision defects, the loss of the visual field. One may also have problems visually locating objects. Importantly, they may also have problems identifying colors. They may also have distorted vision and even hallucinations. They can also have w hat some call word blindness. There is an additional challenge of the inability to perceive the way objects move. It would not be farfetched to connect problems with reading and writing in light of an injury of this magnitude. One may experience an overall slowing of our brains processing visual information. Now for the cerebellum, the area located in the back at the base of the brain and on top of the spinal column. With the cerebellum, there are different things that are more like areas of specialty, things that our cerebellum does for us each and every day. It controls the gross and fine motor coordination. When we decide, we want to reach out and grab a jar off the shelf, we put our arm out and do it. Thats the cerebellum in action. We are balancing our equilibrium, the ability to stand up and not fall over. The cerebellum gives us the ability to be able to ride a skateboard, bicycle or to go for a jog down the block. Our postural (causes dizziness from standing up too fast)cont rol and our eye movements, moving our eyes back and forth up and down and utilizing our eyes to obtain visual information so that it can be processed by our brain. The brainstemcontrols so much of what happens in our body. It controls so many of the different functions that allow us to survive as human beings. It is an area of the brain that really, we take for granted and we should be able to take it for granted. But, when it becomes injured through an accident or whatever, the brainstem and the injuries that flow from that have horrible consequences. When a person has an injury to the brainstem we see the damage to the regulation of our ability to hold our body temperature. It needs to be kept at a healthy temperature as opposed to getting too hot or too cold. We can lose the ability with an injury to the brainstem, efficient and effective management of our heart rate or the rate at which we breathe. Someone with injuries to their brainstem also experience problems with balance an d their movement. They have problems with swallowing food and liquid, something each of us should be able to take for granted but an injury to the brainstem would revoke that privilege. Brainstem injuries classically can be associated with symptoms of vertigo where the world spins. Often, its uncontrollable and unfixable. Theres dizziness and nausea. In summary, the different lobes of the brain carry out many cognitive behavioral and social functions in terms of all the different aspects of our physical life of our emotional life. I have summarized the lobes of the brain to illustrate the way we think, the way to process information, down to larger impacts of injuries to the brain. Talking about the brainstem illustrated functions of how we swallow food, how our body regulates our temperature and so on. The key point in describing the different areas of the brain and the different functions can be summed up this way. When any of the lobes of our brain are, damaged or injured either by accident, by a driver, by a drug, or by a Dr there are horrible consequences that are inescapable. References Executive Function Self-Regulation. (2015). Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. Retrieved from http://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/executive-function/ Understanding the Teen Brain . (n.d.). In University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY (Ed.), Health Encyclopedia. Retrieved 0February 27, 2017, from https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/ Bay, E., Mclean, S. A. (2007). Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing,39(1), 43-51. doi:10.1097/01376517-200702000-000090692

Analysis Of Psychological Egoism Philosophy Essay

Analysis Of Psychological Egoism Philosophy Essay Psychological egoism is the empirical doctrine that the determining motive of every voluntary action is a desire for ones own welfare. On this view, even though all actions are regarded as self-interested actions, the egoist readily points out that people usually try to conceal the determining motives for their actions because such concealment is usually in their self-interest. Psychological egoism is a theory about motivation that claims that all of our ultimate desires are self-directed. Whenever we want others to do well (or ill), we have these other-directed desires only instrumentally; we care about others only because we think that the welfare of others will have ramifications for our own welfare. As stated, egoism is a descriptive, not a normative, claim. It aims to characterize what motivates human beings in fact; the theory does not say whether it is good or bad that people are so motivated. Ethical Egoism purports to tell us how to live. As such, it is a consequentiality theory; that is, it maintains that the rightness or wrongness of acts depends on their consequences. More specifically, it says that right actions promote self-interests and wrong actions detract from self-interest. Besides, Ethical egoism claims that it is necessary and sufficient for an action to be morally right that it maximize ones self-interest. It makes claims about what one ought to do, rather than describe what one does do. One of the problems with this position is that it might not be in ones self-interest to have everyone act from the perspective of self-interest. This state of nature would not be desirable (in Hobbes terms, life would be beastly, brutal, and short) and so it might ultimately be in ones self-interest to enter into a contract with others that would place restraints upon self-interested actions. Teleological Theory The  teleological theory  of ethics has broad appeal to many because it explains the rightness or virtue of action in terms of the good realized by it.  The word teleology is derived from the Greek word telos that means ends. In this theory, you would consider the ends, or the outcomes of your decision. Teleology was explored by Plato and Aristotle, by Saint Anselm around 1000 A.D., and later by Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Judgement. It was fundamental to the speculative philosophy of Hegel. Since this theory is concerned about the consequences of the decision, it is also referred to as consequentialist. For example, a moral theory that maintains that the rightness of an action is one which achieves the goal of maximizing happiness counts as a teleological theory. The two main types of theory brought under the rubric of teleological ethics are Utilitarianism and Ethical Egoism. Utilitarianism is clearly the most widely accepted teleological theory. Some however, have accepted another teleological viewethical egoism. Thus, in what follows we state and evaluate ethical egoism and different form of utilitarianism, in that order. Utilitarianism is a moral theory according to which welfare is the fundamental human good. Welfare may be understood as referring to the happiness or well being of individuals. Utilitarianism is most commonly a theory about the rightness of actions; it is the doctrine that, from a range of possibilities, the right action is the action which most increases the welfare of human beings or sentient creatures in general. Of the many moral theories now called Utilitarian, all share this claim that morality ought to be concerned with increasing welfare. The sense of utilitarianism can be started in this way: the rightness or wrongness of an act or moral rule is solely a matter of the nonmoral good produced directly or indirectly in the consequences of that act of rule. Utilitarianism has its historical origins in seventeenth century Britain although its central ideas may be traced back to Plato and ancient Greek discussions of eudaimonia. The most important developers and proponents of utilitarianism are Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832); He first attained attention as a critic of the leading legal theorist in eighteenth century England, Sir William Blackstone. Benthams campaign for social and political reforms in all areas, most notably the criminal law, had its theoretical basis in his utilitarianism, expounded in his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, a work written in 1780 but not published until 1789. In it he formulated the principle of utility, which approves of an action in so far as an action has an overall tendency to promote the greatest amount of happiness. In its historical context, utilitarianism aspired to be a movement of social reform. It was closely tied to its political aspirations, promoted a new conception of morality which eschewed references to God and religion, and took morality to be fundamentally an attempt to bring about as much happiness of pleasure, to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number. Utilitarianism is divided into two branches which are Act Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism. The type of utilitarianism outlined to date is termed act utilitarianism. Every single act is judged by its individual consequences and decisions on morality reached. Act utilitarianism is entirely situational and consequences in terms of happiness cannot be applied across situations. Rule utilitarianism removes this tension. The maximising happiness principle is applied not to an individual situation, but rather to that set of circumstances in general and the moral rule is then created. For example it is generally the case that murdering innocents does not maximise happiness for the majority therefore it is immoral on all occasions. Whilst this gets around certain unpalatability with utilitarianism, it does remove the true consequential nature of the system. Judgment on general consequences is not the same as judging the consequences of a specific circumstance. The other main branch of Teleology theory is Egoism. In philosophy, egoism is the theory that ones self is, or should be, the motivation and the goal of ones own action. Egoism has two variants, descriptive or normative. The descriptive (or positive) variant conceives egoism as a  factual  description of human affairs. That is, people are motivated by their own interests and desires, and they cannot be described otherwise. The normative variant proposes that people should be so motivated, regardless of what presently motivates their behaviour. Altruism is the opposite of egoism. The term egoism derives from ego, the Latin term for I in English. Egoism should be distinguished from  egotism, which means a psychological overvaluation of ones own importance, or of ones own activities. The most plausible form of ethical egoism, embraced by such philosophers as Ayn Rand and John Hospers, is called universal or impersonal rule egoism: each person has a moral rule that will be in the agents maximal self-interested over the long haul. For the ethical egoist, one has a duty to follow correct moral rules. And the factor that makes a rule a correct one is that, if followed, it will be in the agents own best interest in the long run. Each person ought to advance his/her own self-interested and that is the sole of foundation of morality. Ethical egoism is sometimes confused with various distinct issues. First, there is individual or personal ethical egoism, which says everyone has a duty to act so as to serve my self-interest. Here, everyone is morally obligated to serve the speakers long-term best interests. Second, there is psychological egoism, roughly, the idea that each person can only do an act that the person takes to maximize his or own self-interested. Psychological egoism is a descriptive thesis about motivation to the effect that we can only act on motives that are in our own self-interest. Psychological egoism is sometimes used as part of an argument for ethical egoism, but the two are distinct theses. Psychological egoism is also called the pleasure principle. It is the most famous descriptive position, claims that each person has but one ultimate aim: her own welfare. Psychological egoism insist that people are capable of desiring the happiness of other only when they taken it to be acting unselfishly and disinterestedly when they take the interests of others to be means to the promotion of their own self-interest.    Furthermore, it allows for weakness of will, since in weakness of will cases I am still aiming at my own welfare; I am weak in that I do not act as I aim. And it allows for aiming at things other than ones welfare, such as helping others, where these things are a means to ones welfare. On the other hand, Ethical egoism is a normative theory that states that our actions ought to be done from the perspective of self-interest. Besides, it also claims that it is necessary and sufficient for an action to be morally right that it maximize ones self-interest. In the strong version, it is held that it is always moral to promote ones own good, and it is never moral not to promote it. In the weak version, it is said that although it is always moral to promote ones own good, it is not necessarily never moral to not. That is, there may be conditions in which the avoidance of personal interest may be a moral action. There are three distinct types of ethical egoism: Personal ethical egoism, Individual ethical egoism and Universal ethical egoism. Personal egoists maintain that they are going to act in their own self-interest and that anything else is irrelevant to them. They actually have no interest in telling other people how to act all, and in this sense, their position is hardly a moral theory at all. () In fact, the only things which they concern in life is to further their own self-interest. Second, Individual Ethical Egoism is a belief that cant be consistent unless it applies to just one person. In other words, this belief is not universalizable. The different between personal egoism, which is hardly an ethical theory at all, and Individual ethical egoism is that latter does make a claim about how other people ought to act. Lastly, the Universal Ethical Egoism. Whereas individual ethical egoism think everyone ought to act in their own self-interest, universal ethical egoists think that each individual ought to act in his or her own self-interest. Each person, universal ethical egoists maintain, ought to be out for himself or herself. Egoism The term egoism is ordinarily used to mean exclusive concern with satisfying ones own desires, getting what one wants. Dictionaries tend to support this. They call egoism, for instance, 1. selfishness; selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ interest. 2. conceit (Websters New World Dictionary). The term egotist is often a substitute, although its defined differently, for example, as excessive reference to oneself. The ego is the self. But we should distinguish first between selfishness, selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ interest, and interest of the self. They usually mean, respectively, Concern exclusively and for indulging ones desires, consideration based first on what is good for oneself without the exclusion of others, and that which motivates an autonomous person. These will help us appreciate what follows Philosopher opinions about egoism Every individual serves his own private interestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The great Saints of history have served their private interest just as the most money grubbing miser has served his interest. The private interest is whatever it is that drives an individual (Friedman, 1976). But whatsoever is the object of any mans Appetite or Desire, that is it which he for his part called Good: and the object of his Hate and Aversion, Evilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦For these words of Good and Evilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦are ever used with relation to the person that used them: there being nothing simply and absolutely so; nor any Common Rule of Good and Evil (Hobbes, 1968: 120). Criticisms Egoism is sometimes criticized for attributing too much calculation to spontaneous acts of helping. People who help in emergency situations often report doing so without thinking (Clark and Word 1974). However, it is hard to take such reports literally when the acts involve a precise series of complicated actions that are well-suited to an apparent end. A lifeguard who rescues a struggling swimmer is properly viewed as having a goal and as selecting actions that advance that goal. The fact that she engaged in no ponderous and self-conscious calculation does not show that no means/end reasoning occurred. In any case, actions that really do occur without the mediation of beliefs and desires fall outside the scope of both egoism and altruism. People jerk their legs when their knees are tapped with hammers, but that refutes neither theory. Classical Egoism A more promising ethical egoism states that each person should live so as to achieve his or her rational selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ interest. (I have called this classical egoism to indicate its pedigree in Aristotelianism. It is also captured by the term eudaimonist ethics.) Accordingly, as living beings we need a guide to conduct, principles to be used when we cannot assess the merits of each action from the start. As living beings we share with other animals the value of life. But life occurs in individual (living) things. And human living, unlike that of other animals, cannot be pursued automatically. We must learn to do it. And the particular life we can pursue and about which we can exercise choices is our own. By understanding who and what we are, we can identify the standards by which our own life can most likely be advanced properly, made successful, become a happy life. Business Ethics and Egoism Egoism is of concern in the examination of business ethics, both when we use the latter to refer to how people in commercial and business endeavors ought to act, and what kinds of public policy should govern business and industry to whit, capitalism, which arises from a legal system that respects and protects private property rights, and is an economic system that is closely linked to versions of egoism. Adam Smith, the founder of modern economic science, advanced something like a psychological egoist position about human motivation (although arguably Smith was not thoroughgoing in this for example in his Theory of Moral Sentiments he advances a different position). Arguments for Psychological Egoism There are several arguments which are strongly supporting the psychological egoism which is the empirical doctrine that the determining motive of every voluntary action is a desire for ones own welfare. Firstly, the arguments which favor in psychological egoism argues that people are ego and selfish because people always act as what they desire to. This arguments state that people always act according to self-interest and every voluntary action are selfish. For example, a shopkeeper who is being honest and returned the changes that left by the customer after purchasing good is defined as an act which is ego and self interested because the shopkeeper knows that being honest will help the business and maintain the good name of the shop. Thus, psychological egoist said that people are acting what they want due to their desire and also self-interest, therefore, people are ego and selfish. Besides, psychological egoist states that people are ego and selfish because they always act to get the pleasure and satisfactory. This argument indicates that every action of the people is aimed to get a good feel or being satisfied or in simple words, people acted to get the good feeling which may be gained after doing this action. For example, one who participates in the donation of blood do so due to the satisfactory and the good feeling which one may gained by donating his own blood. One might feel that he can help the people who need the blood and hence he feels satisfied by the action of donation of his own blood. Hence, this action which are acted to get the pleasure and satisfactory is pointed out by psychological egoist as the statement of people act are always ego. Apart from that, one of the arguments in favor of psychological egoism indicates that people act is ego because they wanted to gain benefits from their action. This argument argues that peoples actions are done to get benefits such as fame, becomes popular, liked by others and so forth. For instance, from the perspective of the argument, a soldier who saved his comrades life acted bravely to get an award or a reward such as a medal. Arguments favor in psychological egoism also states that those who donates money to the poor, beggar or charity acting generous and donates money to the charities because they are enjoying the feedback from their action as they will get a good fame, becomes more popular and also being liked by the people due to their generous action. As a conclusion, arguments for psychological egoism states that each of the humans voluntary actions are being acted due to their desire to gain satisfactory, benefits and also because of their self-interest. Thus, these arguments agree the view of psychological egoism which states that people are ego because they are acting for their own good. Arguments against Psychological Egoism Many of the arguments oppose the theory of psychological egoism which states that human acts are selfish because people act according to their own desire. These arguments strongly disagree on the view of psychological egoism due to the consideration of several factors and using counter-evidence. Firstly, the arguments against the psychological egoism states that human has genuine benevolence and genuine malevolence. This argument argues that human acts may be due to the capable of genuine benevolence and genuine malevolence which is the kind and the evil that planted in the humans mind or spirit. For example, Mother Teresa who helped a lots of poor, sick, old and also children lent her hand to those needy because of her genuine benevolence, neither because of her own self-interest nor benefits. Hence, the opponents pointed out that the psychological egoism is false because there will be people who act voluntarily upon the genuine benevolence. Besides, opponents of psychological egoism said that self-interest and interest in the welfare of others are not necessarily incompatible. This argument states that people may be acting due to the completely self-interest and welfare of others. For instance, a business man never cheats his clients and customers because he knows that this action is good for businesses. From the point of view of the psychological egoism opponents, the business man does not cheat his clients and customers had take care the welfare of them and the business man did this for the good of his business which is the self-interest. The psychological egoism opponents hence state that people act not only for their self-interest but also may contain the interest in others welfare. Apart from that, the argument against psychological egoism also states that human motives are oversimplified according to the psychological egoism. The opponents of psychological egoism state that one can has many motives when one is doing an action and only one of the motives may be the self-interest or benefits. For example, a father who gave his seat to an old lady on a bus may act so due to multiple reasons. From the perspective of opponents of psychological egoism, he may wanted to be the model to teach his son a lesson on giving a seat or lending a hand to the needy, he may wanted to get the satisfactory or good feeling after helping the old lady, he may also helped the old lady because of compassion and he may thought that it is dangerous for an old lady standing on a moving bus. Among the several reasons that are listed out, there are only one reason states that this father helped the old lady due to his self-interest. Thus, the opponents believe that humans act is not solely due to the egoism but there might be other factors which are taken into the consideration before a human act. As a conclusion, opponents of psychological egoism indicates that human acts are not solely because of self-interest nor benefits but can be causes by other factors such as the genuine benevolence, compatibility of self-interest and others welfare and also multiple of motives. These opponents believe that there will be some human actions which are acted against ego and truly out of a kind heart which is altruism as what have been done by Mother Teresa. Arguments For and Against Ethical Egoism Ethical egoism is the prescriptive doctrine that all persons ought to act from their own self-interest. It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people can only act in their self-interest. Ethical egoism also differs from rational egoism, which holds merely that it is rational to act in ones self-interest. These doctrines may, though, be combined with ethical egoism. Ethical egoism is divided into three branches which are individual ethical egoism, personal ethical egoism and universal ethical egoism. One of the arguments for ethical egoism is looking out for others are self-defeating. We ought to do what will promote the interests of everyone alike. The interests of everyone will be best promoted if each of us adopts the policy of looking to our own interests exclusively. Therefore, each of us should adopt the policy of looking to our own interests exclusively. The other argument for ethical egoism is the Ann Rands argument. According to Ann Rands argument, we each ought to regard this one life as of supreme importance or ultimate value to us since we each have just one life. Ethical egoism and only ethical egoism allows each individuals life to be of supreme importance or ultimate value to them. Other moral theories all directly or indirectly enjoin altruism. Altruism regards the individual life as something one may be required to sacrifice for the sake of others. So, altruism does not allow each individuals life to be of supreme importance to them. Therefore, we all ought to be Ethical Egoists. The third argument in favour of ethical egoism is egoism can account for ordinary morality. Egoism provides one fundamental principle from which the rest of morality can be derived. However, there is a problem with this argument since other moral theories arguably do an even better job of this. According to Kurt Baiers argument, morality is supposed to help us resolve conflicts of interest. Ethical egoism gives no help in this regard so ethical egoism is not an acceptable morality. The other argument against ethical egoism is the self-contradictory argument. People will often have conflicting duties. For instance, according to ethical egoism, it is in As best-interest to kill B so A has a duty to do so and it is in Bs best interest to avoid being killed so B has a duty (by ethical egoism) to prevent it. It is wrong to prevent someones doing their duty. So ethical egoism entails a contradiction, it is not wrong for A to kill B since it is in As best-interest to kill B but it is wrong for A to kill B. B has a duty to avoid being killed and its wrong for A to prevent B from doing Bs duty. Therefore, ethical egoism is false. Other than that, the third argument against ethical egoism which is Rachels argument discuss that we can justify treating people differently only if we can show that there is some factual difference between them that is relevant to justifying the difference in treatment. Ethical egoism says we should treat others and ourselves differently but there is no factual difference between self and others that justifies this difference in treatment so ethical egoism is unacceptably arbitrary. Rachels comments on this argument shed light on why we should care about others interests. For the very same reason we care about our own because they are in all relevant respects like us.

Possible People Responsible for the Death of Romeo & Juliet :: Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet

Two households, both alike in dignity? From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-cross'd lovers take their life, Whole misadventured piteous overthrows Do with their death bury their parents' strife? -Chorus As these words echoed through the hall of the Globe theatre little did William Shakespeare know that this tragedy, Romeo and Juliet, would be examined and admired by playwrights for decades to come. So does fate play a major part in this tragedy? Or does their blood stain the garments of civil hands? Could it have been the loyal Mercutio, who swore on both their houses Tybalt the hated enemy? or was it Friar Lawrence who tried to end the fighting between households. Or does the blame go on the ancestors who began it. Many would agree that the death of these lovers cannot be blamed on anyone but themselves. This question cannot be answered without looking deeply into each characters involvement in the tragedy. In many ways Mercutio can be blamed for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. If he had not persuaded Romeo to come to the Capulet?s Ball Romeo would most likely have never fallen in love with Juliet. If Romeo hadn?t gone to the Capulets Ball, Tybalt would not have sought his life and in time forcing Romeo to be banished and Mercutio and himself dead. Or was it those few words that left Mercutios mouth when he knew he was dying? ?A plague on both your houses! I am sped. Is he gone, and hath nothing - Act 3, Scene 1, line 90. Could he have really put a curse on the Capulet and Montague households? That both families will come together at the result of death. From the very beginning of the play, Tybalt expressed how he hated peace. He would prefer to hate than to have peace with the Montagues. ?What! Drawn, and talk of peace? I hate the word, / as I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. / Have at thee, coward! ? Act 1, Scene 1, line 67 Surely if he did not have such a hate for the Montagues he would not have gone after Romeo after seeing him at the ball. If he had held back his sword instead of smiting Mercutio, Romeo would not have been angered to murder and in turn be banished. But also when Juliet?s parents heard that there daughter?

Washington :: essays research papers

ASHINGTON, Jan. 6 — The Pentagon is pushing for a substantial increase, in the range of $20 billion or more, for its 2003 budget, confident that the war on terrorism has strengthened Congressional and public support for rebuilding the armed services, senior military officials say. Even as Congress is projecting a budget deficit next year, the Pentagon is arguing that it will need significantly more money to cover rising health care costs, stockpile precision-guided munitions and accelerate an array of big-ticket programs, including fighter jets and warships. "There is a real necessity to do something we didn't really address in the last budget, which is ramp up procurement," said Under Secretary of Defense Dov S. Zakheim, the Pentagon comptroller. "It's got to go up." Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld has also vowed to use the budget for the 2003 fiscal year, which begins Oct. 1, to advance programs he has said will "transform" the military, including missile defense, unpiloted aircraft and high-tech battlefield communications equipment. Mr. Rumsfeld is expected to argue, for instance, that the armed services must stockpile laser- and satellite- guided weapons for future conflicts. Those munitions, which cost from $20,000 to $1 million each, exceeded expectations in Afghanistan, where they were used so extensively that the Navy arsenal came close to running dry, officials say. The secretary will also call for developing munitions that can penetrate caves and hardened, deeply buried bunkers — one area where military officials say American bombs were not always effective in Afghanistan. North Korea and Iraq are thought to have built many such bunkers for command centers and storage sites for biological and chemical weapons. Officials say Mr. Rumsfeld will also push for accelerating a program to convert Trident submarines, which are now armed with nuclear- tipped missiles, so they can instead carry precision-guided cruise missiles with conventional warheads. Dr. Zakheim said the Pentagon budget was still being negotiated with the White House and declined to provide figures. But senior military and Congressional officials have said the increase will be about $20 billion over the current $329 billion Pentagon budget, or about 6 percent, after adjusting for inflation. A $20 billion increase in the Pentagon budget would be less than the $33 billion increase approved by Congress last year, the largest since the Reagan era. But the new request comes in an economic downturn, when other federal agencies are being told to trim spending to balance declining tax revenues.

The Moment That Changed My Life

This essay is based on an event that changed my life forever. It is a passage that is mixed with feelings and emotions. This experience gave my life a purpose and a sense of direction. It allowed me to grow from a boy to a man in just one day. It was a cold, rainy winter morning in Liverpool. I had gone about my morning no different than any other working day. By 6:30AM I was showered, dressed, and full from my huge bowl of cereal. This gave me fifteen minutes to watch the latest news before I left to arrive at work for 7AM. It was 9. 5AM when my cell phone began to ring; it was a call from my mother.I could tell by the quick, anxious, but bold and loud tone her voice that this was not going to be a pleasurable conversation. â€Å"Come and get me, get me now! Hurry up, it’s your dad, I will explain when you get here! † Without thinking or giving any explanation to my manager, I left and headed home. The journey home was an adventure in its self, not a care for anyone or anything around me, except my father. The dangerous speed and my total lack of concentration, as my brain flooded with thoughts of my dad’s well-being, were a recipe for disaster.When I arrived home my mother was waiting in the garden. I knew it was a matter of urgency by looking at how she was dressed. She was wearing her long, black coat and underneath she was wearing her P. Js. She jumped into my car, slammed the door and before I could ask where we were going, she had already yelled â€Å"the hospital! † This demanding order left very little to my imagination and I knew something was seriously wrong. We arrived at the hospital. I stopped the car and my mother jumped out, darting off into a sprint to seek my father’s ward.The corridors were long and narrow. The sounds of rushing heels echoed all around me. I was like a mouse in a huge maze, with no sense of direction. After ten minutes of searching, we finally found the ward that held my father’s fate . I paused and took a huge breath, grasping all the air my lungs could hold, preparing myself for the worst. I opened the old squeaky doors and headed towards my father’s bed. He was surrounded by doctors and nurses, and reality began to take its toll. The closer I got, the slower I moved forward, scared of taking the next step.I was eventually pulled to a stop by the nurse and was escorted to the waiting room. I asked question after question, each answer had the same reply â€Å"the doctor will be in to explain shortly. † The waiting room was cold and lifeless. The walls were littered with thank you cards and letters of praise from past patience. This gave me some hope that my father was in good hands. Minutes seemed like hours until the doctor entered. Before he had both feet in the room, my mother began to scream for explanations. â€Å"Take a seat† Then every sentence that a son and wife fears to hear. Your father is in critical condition, he has no longer t han a couple of hours to live. † A cold chill of death sent shivers down my spine. Keeping myself from exploding into tears, I began ensuring my mother and younger brother that everything would be fine, by far the hardest thing I’ve ever had to do. The time came when the doctors called us to see him; with no hesitation I jumped up and charged to his bed. There he was, lying helplessly. I reached for his hand and grabbed it, letting him know he wasn’t alone.I begged him to fight for his life; I knew he could hear me as he acknowledged my voice with a small nod. If there was one thing I learned from my father, it was to never give up. From this moment on, I never left his side. Through the fight and determination to live, my father is alive today. I’m living in my hero’s shadow. How do I fill the boots of a man that everybody loved? It was then I decided to make something of my life, to make him proud. This is why I’m here today. This is why yo u have this essay in front of you, to better myself.For the hope that one day, I can provide for my family and give them the future that my father gave to me. I do not like to praise only one of my role models, as I have two amazing parents. Watching a women nearly lose somebody she has loved for over thirty years was very difficult. My mother has shown loyalty and never ending lover for her family. I truly believe, it was this love my father was fighting for. I must thank my mother a great deal for this. I can only pray to be half as happy as both of them in my future,

Pel Appliances Essay

In 1986-87, the caller started manufacturing of refrigerators in skilful collaborationism with M/s IAR-SILTAL of Italy. In 1987, pel rich freezers were also introduced in technical collaboration with M/s Ariston of Italy. In 2006, the party has started manufacturing of split type telephone line conditioners of divers(a) capacities as the customer picking has shifted from windowpane type to split type. The product has been hearty received in the trade. This encourages the company to procreate its production in the coming year.Today, picture element has become a household name. Its products atomic number 18 not only in large demand in the local market but the come with has started exporting its appliances The company comprises of two divisions * Appliances member * Power Division Pak Elektron Limited ( pel) is the pioneer manufacturer of electric goods in Pakistan. It was established in 1956 in technical collaboration with M/s AEG of Germany. In October 1978, the compa ny was taken oer by Saigol grouping of Companies. Since its inception, the company has eer been contributing owards the advancement and development of the engine room sector in Pakistan by introducing a range of feel galvanising equipments and stand appliances and by producing hundreds of engineers, skilled workers and technicians through its apprenticeship schemes and gentility programmes. The company comprises of two divisions *Ever since their launch, picture element production line conditioners flip a guide position in the market. pel behavior conditioners temperature reduction performance has been tested and authorise by Copeland and ITS USA. With the shift of users preference from window type to split type air conditioners, pixel has started manufacturing split type air conditioners. picture element Refrigerators The manufacturing of refrigerators started in 1986-87 in technical collaboration with M/s IAR-SILTAL of Italy. corresponding the air conditioner, pictu re elements refrigerators ar also in great demand.Today, pel Crystal has 30% market share. Its cooling performance is tested and approved by Danfoss, Germany and its manufacturing facility is ISO 9002 sure by SGS Switzerland. PEL Deep Freezers PEL deep freezers were introduced in 1987 in technical collaboration with M/s Ariston of Italy. Because of durability and high quality, PEL deep freezers are the preferred choice of companies like Unilever. Power Division manufactures capacity meters, transformers, switchgears, Kiosks, compact stations, shunt capacitor banks and so forthAll these electrical goods are fabricate under strict quality sustain and in accordance with international standards. PEL is one of the major electrical equipment suppliers to piddle and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) and Karachi galvanic Supply Corporation (KESC), which are the largest spring utilities in Pakistan. Over the years, PEL electrical equipment has been used in numerous business offic e projects of national importance within Pakistan. PEL has the privilege of getting its equipment approved and certified by well-reputed international consultants such as * Preece, Cardew and Rider, England Harza Engineering Company, USA * Snam Progeti, Italy * Societe Dumezm, France * Miner adenylic acid Miner internationalist Inc. USA * Ensa, France In spite of stiff competition from appear local and multinational brands, PEL Groups appliances and electrical equipments have remained in the spotlight due to constant innovation. strategical partnership with multinationals of repute have enabled the PEL Group to incorporate new technologies into alert product ranges, thus giving the Pakistani market access to innovative, affordable and quality products.PEL was 16th Company in Pakistan which got ISO 9002 Certification in 1997, since then PEL Management is applying this International Standard Practices for in effect Managing Quality of Products and Services that Company Offers. Th e International Standard Practices in PEL have been Upgraded as per the Revised ISO 9001 Standards and its Scope of performance is expanding ever since and Top Management is perpetrate to make PEL a match Quality Management (TQM) Company. In this Company Quality is the Subject of Management at all Levels.

Change in Documentary Genre Essay

The nonsubjective euphonyal stylus has changed oer time. Changes in associateion chip in had an impact on the change. in that location atomic number 18 large commercialist pressures for docudrama to give-up the ghost more(prenominal) socialize and engaging to contract a wider cinema going reference. documental has perform increasely pop. Documentaries much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Bowling for Columbine by Michael securee crap been given numerous awards and were widely popular at the box office. The greyish Gardens is a 1975 docudrama by Albert and David Maysles. The photo depicts the lives of a socialite m other and daughter living in a decrepit mansion.The Grey Gardens hires an bill carriage of objective. It uses old style medicament and the editing pace is slow. The Grey Gardens provides a very different experience than the more recent objective film film. The old style of the accusative would drop been entertaining to the audience of 1975 as th ey were more conservative than todays baseball club and would have been able to allude to the race in the documental. The changes in society have expanded the objective literary genre to make it more interesting for the audiences of today. The infotainment Bowling for Columbine by Michael Moor is an example of the change in the documentary genre.It is a powerful documentary for the audience as it addresses a very all important(predicate) issue about gun take in in the United States. Michael Moore uses humour inside the documentary to make it more entertaining and to draw off a wider age of spectator pumps than a documentary such as the Grey Gardens. Michael Moore ridicules many of the events and people portrayed throughout the film, such as Charlton Heston, qualification it entertaining and humorous. The documentary uses a disruptive editing pace, with Michael Moore creatively putting shots that face to be unrelated together, such as the Kosovo bombings and the Septe mber 11 attacks.As tumesce as making it more winning for the audience these shots evoke strong feeling and skirts them into taking Moores side. His intensive use of symphony as ironic punctuation is able to change the mood of the film from humour, to sadness, to horror. The audience is entertained by the documentary because it is reflecting on an issue that affects the U. S. A, it discusses events such as the Kayla Rowland murder and the Columbine shooting which be well known events to society and manipulate the viewer into taking a forbid stance on gun control. despicable the abandon uses a different style of documentary than that of Bowling for Columbine. affecting the Void is a moving documentary that uses prominent reconstruction and interviews, which cut between to each one other. Un manage Bowling for Columbine burden footage was not used as in that location was no file footage of the actual event. The combination of these conventions is entertaining to the audi ence as it allows them to connect with the mountaineers. The combination of eerie violin music and the dramatic reconstruction is chilling to the viewer and makes them engage with the mountaineers.The interviews make the story depend more truthful to the audience. The audience connects with the documentary because people in society atomic number 18 interested in other peoples lives and the documentary gives shrewdness into part of the mountaineers lives, with the use of the conventions. Touching the Void impacted on the genre by using this different style of documentary making documentaries more like films. These types of documentaries are called docudrama. The documentary Jesus campground by Rachael Grady and Heidi Ewing is another example of how the documentary genre has changed over time.Like the Grey Gardens it uses an observational style but has a faster editing pace and uses more modern music such as Christian Heavy metal music. The documentary is interesting to the audienc e because although it is humorous it is as well as black to the viewer. It uses very moving, spiritual music to relate to the religious theme of the documentary and to evoke strong emotions and opinions of the viewer. The documentary uses jerking live footage and fast paced editing to shock the audience.Like Touching the Void it provides insight into the peoples lives showing societies pre-occupations with other peoples lives. The nature of documentary films has changed dramatically over the past 20 years. The film genre has become increasingly roaring with films such as Super-size Me, Bowling for Columbine and an awkward Truth being among the most successful examples at box office. Pressures on documentary to be more entertaining have caused some controversy in documentaries such as Bowling for Columbine where critics have questioned where it can actually be alled a documentary as unrelated shots are put together to create a negative and biased view on gun control in the U. S. A. With the increasing popularity and development of reality television, which veers to the put on and is often staged. This aspect of documentary makes people more suspicious of the genre and less(prenominal) likely to accept it as the truth. The submit for society to be entertained willing have an affect on documentary as they will have to become more entertaining to continue to attract the wider cinema going audience.